Reserve Components of the United States Armed Forces
The Reserve Components of the United States Armed Forces consist of part-time military forces that support the active-duty services during war, national emergencies, or contingencies. They provide trained personnel and units that can be mobilized to augment active forces. Reserve service members are often referred to as “citizen-soldiers.”
History
The reserve system was formalized in the early 20th century to maintain a pool of trained personnel who could be called to active service when needed. Reserves have been mobilized for both world wars, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the Gulf War, and the Global War on Terrorism.
Structure
There are seven reserve components:
Mission
The Reserve Components:
- Provide operational support to active-duty forces.
- Maintain readiness to mobilize during war or national emergencies.
- Contribute specialized skills and experience from civilian careers.
- Support humanitarian relief and disaster response.
Service Commitment
Reservists typically serve one weekend a month and two weeks annually, though they may be activated for extended service. Many reservists balance military duties with civilian employment or education.
Leadership
Each reserve component is managed by its parent service branch. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs oversees policy coordination at the Department of Defense level.
Role in Modern Operations
Reserves have been heavily deployed since 9/11, supporting combat missions in Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as peacekeeping and humanitarian operations worldwide.