Death Valley
Death Valley is a desert valley located primarily in eastern California, with a small portion extending into Nevada, in the western United States. It is one of the hottest, driest, and lowest places on Earth and is a major geographic and natural landmark of North America.
Overview
Death Valley lies within the Mojave Desert and is largely contained within Death Valley National Park. The valley is best known for its extreme temperatures, arid climate, and dramatic desert landscapes, including salt flats, sand dunes, canyons, and rugged mountain ranges.
The lowest point in North America, Badwater Basin, is located in Death Valley at approximately 282 feet (86 m) below sea level.
Geography
Death Valley is part of the Great Basin region and is bordered by the Panamint Range to the west and the Amargosa Range to the east. The valley floor consists largely of salt flats formed by the evaporation of ancient inland seas.
The region’s unique geography contributes to its extreme heat, as surrounding mountains trap hot air within the valley.
Climate
Death Valley has one of the most extreme climates on Earth. Summer temperatures frequently exceed 120 °F (49 °C), and the valley holds the record for the highest reliably recorded air temperature on Earth.
Rainfall is extremely limited, averaging less than 2 inches (50 mm) annually in many areas, making it one of the driest locations in North America.
Natural features
Notable natural features of Death Valley include:
These features attract visitors from around the world and showcase a wide range of desert landforms.
Ecology
Despite its harsh conditions, Death Valley supports a variety of plant and animal life adapted to extreme heat and aridity. Species include desert wildflowers, creosote bush, bighorn sheep, reptiles, and specialized insects.
Seasonal rainfall can occasionally produce dramatic wildflower blooms across the valley floor.
Human history
Indigenous peoples, including the Timbisha tribe, have lived in the Death Valley region for thousands of years. European-American exploration increased during the 19th century, particularly during westward expansion and mining booms.
The valley was named by pioneers traveling through the area during the California Gold Rush.
Protection and tourism
Most of Death Valley is protected as part of Death Valley National Park, which is managed by the National Park Service. The park is a popular destination for hiking, sightseeing, photography, and stargazing.