Great Seal of the United States
The Great Seal of the United States is the official emblem used to authenticate certain documents issued by the federal government. First adopted in 1782, the seal symbolizes the sovereignty of the United States and is used for treaties, presidential proclamations, and other formal instruments.
Design
The Great Seal consists of two sides: the obverse and the reverse.
- Obverse: Features a bald eagle clutching an olive branch in its right talon and thirteen arrows in its left, symbolizing the nation's commitment to peace and readiness for war. The eagle holds a scroll in its beak bearing the Latin motto E Pluribus Unum ("Out of many, one"). Above the eagle’s head is a cluster of thirteen stars representing the original states.
- Reverse: Depicts an unfinished pyramid with thirteen steps and the Eye of Providence above it. The Latin phrases Annuit Cœptis ("He [God] has favored our undertakings") and Novus Ordo Seclorum ("New order of the ages") also appear.
History
The Continental Congress appointed a committee in 1776 to design a national seal, but it took six years and three committees before the final design was approved on June 20, 1782. Charles Thomson, the Secretary of Congress, played a major role in consolidating the ideas into the final design.
Usage
The Great Seal is used to emboss official U.S. documents such as international treaties and presidential commissions. The obverse design also appears on passports, military insignia, and the one-dollar bill.
Symbolism
- The bald eagle symbolizes strength and independence.
- The olive branch and arrows represent peace and war.
- The unfinished pyramid symbolizes growth and strength, while the Eye of Providence reflects divine guidance.