Stars and Stripes
The Stars and Stripes is a common nickname for the national flag of the United States of America. The flag features thirteen horizontal stripes, alternating red and white, representing the original thirteen colonies, and a blue field in the canton bearing white stars symbolizing the union of states.
Design
The modern design of the flag includes fifty stars, one for each state in the Union, arranged in nine rows of alternating five and six stars. The colors and arrangement convey symbolic meaning:
- Red: Valor and hardiness
- White: Purity and innocence
- Blue: Vigilance, perseverance, and justice
History
The Continental Congress adopted the first version of the flag on June 14, 1777. Known as the Flag Resolution, it declared: “Resolved, That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.”
Over the nation’s history, the number of stars has been updated to reflect new states joining the Union. The current fifty-star design was adopted on July 4, 1960, following the admission of Hawaii.
Symbolism
The nickname “Stars and Stripes” emphasizes the two main elements of the flag’s design and has been used since the Revolutionary War era. The flag symbolizes national identity, unity, and patriotism, and is displayed prominently on government buildings, schools, and private residences.
Cultural Significance
The Stars and Stripes are honored in the Pledge of Allegiance and the national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner. The flag is also central to observances such as Flag Day, Memorial Day, and Independence Day.