United States Coast Guard
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, safety, and environmental protection branch of the United States Armed Forces. Founded on August 4, 1790, it is unique in its dual military and law enforcement roles. The Coast Guard operates under the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime but can be transferred to the United States Navy during wartime.
History
The Coast Guard’s origins lie in the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service, created to enforce customs laws. In 1915, it merged with the U.S. Life-Saving Service, forming the modern Coast Guard. Over time, it absorbed additional missions, such as lighthouses and navigation under the Lighthouse Service. It played critical roles in World War II, the Cold War, and modern homeland security.
Mission
The Coast
Guard’s core missions include:
- Maritime law enforcement.
- Search and rescue operations.
- Port and homeland security.
- Environmental protection.
- Icebreaking and polar operations.
- Defense readiness and support to naval operations.
Organization
The Coast Guard is divided into Atlantic and Pacific Areas, with district commands overseeing regional operations. Its reserve component supports active duty missions, while the Coast Guard Auxiliary provides volunteer assistance.
Leadership
The Coast Guard is led by the Commandant of the Coast Guard, who reports to the Secretary of Homeland Security. In wartime, the service may operate under the Department of the Navy.
Personnel
Coast Guardsmen are trained at the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, or through enlisted recruit training at Cape May, New Jersey.
Equipment
The Coast Guard operates cutters (high- and medium-endurance ships), patrol boats, icebreakers, helicopters (MH-65 Dolphin), and fixed-wing aircraft for search and surveillance.
Symbols and Traditions
- Motto: Semper Paratus (Always Ready).
- Colors: White, red, and blue.
- Emblem: Coast Guard shield and crossed anchors.
- Nickname: “Coasties.”