United States Government

The United States Government is a federal constitutional republic made up of 50 states, a federal district, and several territories. Its system is based on democratic principles, the rule of law, and a separation of powers among three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

Structure of Government

1. Legislative Branch

**U.S. Congress** – Makes laws and controls the federal budget.
Bicameral:

 * **Senate** – 100 members (2 per state)
 * **House of Representatives** – 435 members (based on population)

Meets at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.

2. Executive Branch

Headed by the **President of the United States**, who also serves as commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
Includes:

 * The **Vice President**
 * The **Cabinet** (heads of executive departments like Defense, State, and Education)
 * Numerous federal agencies (e.g., FBI, EPA, NASA)

3. Judicial Branch

Interprets laws and ensures they are applied fairly.
Headed by the **Supreme Court**, consisting of nine justices.
Lower federal courts include:

 * U.S. Courts of Appeals
 * U.S. District Courts

Federal vs. State Powers

The U.S. Constitution grants certain powers to the federal government, such as printing money, declaring war, and regulating interstate commerce.
Other powers are reserved for the states, including education policy, local law enforcement, and most aspects of healthcare.

Checks and Balances

Each branch of government can limit the powers of the others to prevent abuse:

The President can veto laws passed by Congress.
Congress can override vetoes and approve or reject appointments.
Courts can declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional.

Elections and Representation

Citizens vote for representatives at the local, state, and national levels.
Federal elections occur every two years; presidential elections every four years.
Voting is open to all U.S. citizens aged 18 and older.