Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States is the nation’s highest court, created by Article III of the Constitution. It has final authority over federal law and constitutional interpretation.
Composition and appointment
- Typically nine justices (one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices).
- Justices are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate; they hold office during good behavior (life tenure).
Jurisdiction and role
- Exercises appellate jurisdiction over federal courts and state supreme courts in cases involving federal law.
- Limited original jurisdiction in specific disputes (e.g., between states).
- Through judicial review (e.g., Marbury v. Madison), the Court may invalidate laws or actions that conflict with the Constitution.
Procedure
- Most cases reach the Court by petition for writ of certiorari; the Court selects a small fraction for full review.
- Decisions are issued as majority, concurring, and dissenting opinions.